Philosophical Quotes on Food

Philosophy of food is an emerging branch in philosophy. Here is a list of quotes that are pertinent to it; if you happen to have additional suggestions, please do send them along! Quotes on Food Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin: Tell me what you eat, and I shall tell you what you are.Ludwig Feuerbach: Man is what he eats.Immanuel Kant: As regards the agreeable, every one concedes that his judgment, which he bases on a private feeling, and in which he declares that an object pleases him, is restricted merely to himself personally. Thus he does not take it amiss if, when he says that Canary-wine is agreeable, another corrects the expression and reminds him that he ought to say: ‘It is agreeable to me’ [ †¦ ] With the agreeable, therefore, the axiom holds true: Everyone has his own taste (that of sense). The beautiful stands on a quite different footing.Plato: Socrates: Do you think that the philosopher ought to care about the pleasures – if they are to be called pleasures – of eating and drinking? – Certainly not, answered Simmias. – And what do you say of the pleasures of love – should he care about them? – By no means. – And will he think much of the other ways of indulging the body – for example, the acquisition of costly raiment, or sandals, or other adornments of the body? [†¦] What do you say? – I should say the true philosopher would despise them.Ludwig Feuerbach: This work, though it deals only with eating and drinking, which are regarded in the eyes of our supernaturalistic mock-culture as the lowest acts, is of the greatest philosophic significance and importance†¦ How former philosophers have broken their heads over the question of the bond between body and soul! Now we know, on scientific grounds, what the masses know from long experience, that eating and drinking hold together body and soul, that the searched-for bond is nutrition.Emmanuel Levinas: Of course we do not live in order to eat, but it is not really true to say that we eat in order to live; we eat because we are hungry. Desire has no further intentions behind it†¦ it is a good will.Hegel: Consequently, the sensuous aspect of art is related only to the two theoretical senses of sight and hearing, while smell, taste, and touch remain excluded.Virginia Woolf: One cannot think well, love well, sleep well, if one has not dined well.Mahatma Gandhi: There are people in the world so hungry, that God cannot appear to them except in the form of bread.George Bernard Shaw: There is no love sincerer than the love of food.Wendell Berry: Eating with the fullest pleasure – pleasure, that is, that does not depend on ignorance – is perhaps the profoundest enactment of our connection with the world. In this pleasure we experience our dependence and our gratitude, for we are living in a mystery, from creatures we did not make and powers we cannot comprehend.Alain de Botton: Forcing people to eat together is an effective way to promote tolerance. Further Online Sources The Philosophy of Food Project website, collecting a list of useful online sources on the topic.The entry on Philosophy of Art at the Britannica Online Encyclopedia.The entry on the definition of art at the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.The American Society for Aesthetics website, containing news and information on the topic.The British Society of Aesthetics website, which aims to promote study, research and discussion of the fine arts and related types of experience from a philosophical, psychological, sociological, historical, critical and educational standpoint.The British Journal of Aesthetics, one of the leading journals in the field.The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, one of the leading journals in the field.A collection of philosophers’ perspectives on the philosophy of art.

Fate The King The Theme Of Fate - 903 Words

In Oedipus the king the theme of fate is a crucial element that carries through the entire tragic play. It decides everything that leads up to the crucial events just like in real life, we each have a fate that we must meet.. No matter what, you can not escape your fate and pre determined destiny. His life was pre determined from birth and was given tragic life by the Gods. He was chosen for a specific reason to have this fate and learning how to cope and handle this throughout the play. Fate is a crucial element that often occurs frequently in Greek writing. Throughout the play Oedipus tries to change his fate. He found out that no matter what he did that his fate was sealed and there was no escaping that fate. His fate was predicted down to, he would kill his father, Laius and marry and have sexual relations with his mother, Jocasta. Oedipus wants to invade this entire situation once he learns what his fate is told to be by three oracles. â€Å"OEDIPUS Let the storm burst, my fixed resolve still holds,To learn my lineage, be it ne er so low.It may be she with all a woman s pride Thinks scorn of my base parentage. But I Who rank myself as Fortune s favorite child,The giver of good gifts, shall not be shamed. She is my mother and the changing moons My brethren, and with them I wax and wane. Thus sprung why should I fear to trace my birth? Nothing can make me other than I am. (1077-1086) (Shmoop).† Oedipus is trying his hardest to escape this fate. Oedipus had aShow MoreRelatedFate : The King The Theme Of Fate1068 Words   |  5 PagesOedipus the King the theme of fate is a crucial element that carries throughout the entire tragic play. It decides everything that leads up to the crucial events just like in real life, we each have a fate that we must meet.. No matter what, you cannot escape your fate and predetermined destiny. His life was predetermined from birth and was given tragic life by the Gods. He was chosen for a specific reason to have this fate and learning how to cope and handle this throughout the play. Fate is a crucialRead MoreTheme Of Fate In Oedipus The King778 Words   |  4 PagesThe greek myth told by Sophocles, Oedipus The King. Along with George Lucas’s popular modern film The Empire Strikes Back, a part of the Star Wars trilogy address questions that have been prevalent from the Ancient greeks and are still being pondered today. Both tales address Fate. In Oedipus The King, our protagonist Oedipus is constantly living with dreadful prophecies that are inevitable to prevent. While Luke Skywalker deals with his fate to become a Jedi Master. Likewise these stories deal withRead MoreThemes Of Guilt In Macbeth711 Words   |  3 PagesMacbeth is a story written by Shakespear filled with many different themes. These themes are statements about life and human nature. Some of the most important themes are guilt, things are not what they seem, fate versus free will, and nature versus the unnatural. All of these themes were important to us and the story. The first theme of guilt is a message that says that you should not commit wrong doing and suffer the consequences. In Macbeth guilt is shown in many different ways but one of theRead MoreMacbeth Theme Essay1329 Words   |  6 Pageswife kill the king of Scotland so Macbeth can become king. As a result, of the witches since they told him about the prophecy and how he would become king. He eventually does more evil things which fills Lady Macbeth with guilt. She ends up killing herself and Macbeth ends up dying. In the play, there are numerous of themes that you can see and examples that you can find. There are five themes that we have discussed in class which are ambition, guilt, things are not what they seem, fate versus freeRead MoreA Comparative of Shakespeares Othello and Oedipus Rex1511 Words   |  6 Pagescharacter in Oedipus Rex, is characterized as a tragic hero when he tries to run away from his fate and finds out that the cause of his fate was his attempt to escape it. O edipus Rex and Othello share a common thematic link in fact that both main characters meet the qualifications of a tragic hero at some point, the differences in how they meet Aristotle’s definition of a tragic hero also create themes unique to each. Othello and Oedipus are similar in the requirements to be tragic heroes of havingRead MoreFate And Fate In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight741 Words   |  3 PagesFate, many people believe in it, while others believe that it is completely untrue. There is an unstoppable force about fate, no matter what someone does fate will take its course. Throughout many stories a characters fate is illustrated at the end of the story, but sometimes their fate may have a positive or negative effect. In the epic poem Beowulf, the hero battles many enemies and at the same time discovering his destinies. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Gawain must be able to meet hisRead MoreAllusion In Antigone And Cleopatra826 Words   |  4 PagesDanaà « and Cleopatra, two royal women who suffered similar fates to Antigone, the chorus sympathizes with her.   In the first stanza of the ode, they allude to Danaà «, saying â€Å"even she endured a fate like yours, / (. . .) buried within her tomb† (1 036-1040).   Through this allusion to Perseus’s mother, who suffered in an underwater tower, the chorus praises Antigone for her fortitude and shows their support for her through their horror for her fate.   When they reference â€Å"the princes doomed at birth/ andRead MoreMacbeth Themes899 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"What are the major themes in Macbeth† By Connor Maguire William Shakespeare’s Macbeth a play complete with many themes and viewpoints. The themes are exhibited by the main characters of the play, notably antagonist Macbeth. Themes seen in the play include ambition, where is is portrayed as both dangerous and unnatural. However, it does exist in both good and evil forms in the play. Another theme seen is whether Macbeths actions in the play are a result of fate, or free will. Although outsideRead MoreTheme Of Fate In The Kite Runner743 Words   |  3 Pagesis the main theme in both texts. Starting off with The Kite Runner, there are more clues of fate than those in Oedipus Rex’s story. For example, the simple kites in the story represent fate and prophecy pointing out themes from the beginning. Amir and Hassan had always been best friends, like brothers. They played together they had a unique bond as they were together all the time. They even fed from the same breast. It turned out that they were half brothers, making it fate that they hadRead MoreThe Themes Of Ambition In Shakespeares Macbeth853 Words   |  4 PagesThere are many different themes displayed in Shakespeares famous play Macbeth. Many of these themes play with nature, the supernatural, and fate. From ghosts to horses eating each other the play uses symbolism, language, and characters to portray these themes. During the play the audience learns of several themes such as ambition, guilt, fate versus free will, nature versus the unnatural, and how things are not always as they seem. Anyone who has read or seen Macbeth knows that his great undoing

Cause of the American Revolution free essay sample

The raid of American colonists that attacked the ships all began when the people f Massachusetts were angry over the Boston tea act which had been placed by the British Parliament on tea coming into the colonies. Because ships carrying cargoes of tea arrived In Boston Harbor continuously, the colonists called town meetings and came up with resolutions to stop the Importation. The resolutions pressured Governor Thomas Hutchinson to send the ships back to Britain and his refusal ultimately led to the Boston Tea Party. Colonists objected to the Tea Act for a variety of reasons, especially because they believed that it violated their right to be taxed only by their own elected representatives. Protesters had successfully prevented the unloading of taxed tea in three other colonies, but in Boston, Hutchinson refused to allow the tea to be returned to Britain. This sparked the Boston Tea Party. A raid by colonists on British tea ships in Boston Harbor. We will write a custom essay sample on Cause of the American Revolution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It took place on December 16, 1773. Disguised as Indians, and armed with tomahawks, the men threw the contents of over 300 barrels of tea Into the bay.The Boston Tea Party was a key event in the growth of the American Revolution. Parliament responded In 1774 with the Coercive Acts, which, among other events, closed Bosons commerce until the British East India Company had been repaid for the wasted tea. Colonists responded to the Coercive Acts with more of protesting, and by assembling the First Continental Congress, which petitioned the British monarch for repeal of the acts and coordinated colonial resistance to them. The stamp act placed high taxes on any paper goods.The stamp act was for granting and applying stamp duties, and other duties, in the British colonies and plantations in America, towards paying more expenses of defending, protecting, and saving paper goods. Which was also for improving such parts of the several acts of parliament relating to the trade and income of the colonies and plantations. On March 5, 1770 colonists threw snowballs and rocks at British soldiers causing them to fire on them. Thirty or forty persons, mostly lads. Amen from the mall guard to the commissioners house, the soldiers pushing their bayonets, crying, make way! They took place by the custom house and, continuing to push to drive the people off snow balls. On this, the Captain commanded them to fire; and more snow balls coming, he again said, damn you, fire, be the consequence what it will! One soldier then fired, and a townsman with a cudgel struck him over the hands with such force that he dropped his forelock; and, rushing forward, aimed a blow at the Captains head which grazed his hat and fell pretty heavy upon his arm.However, the soldiers continued the fire successively till seven or eight or as some say, eleven guns were discharged. If these acts were never passed, the colonists wouldnt have revolted and the United States wouldnt have been founded. Issues that occurred during the Revolutionary War affected social, economic, and lattice topics between the colonies and Great Britain. Economic issues were taxes from the different acts. For example the tea act and the stamp act as well as other intolerable acts.A social issue was the fact that France helped the colonists to free themselves from Great Britain by Joining sides to fight against the power. Political issues during the war were Great Britain taxing the colonists very highly due to their supply and demand, making tensions between the two sides even worse. With each issue that occurred in this time period, the colonies learned to avoid causing these robbers by working as a nation differently than Great Britain.As in all wars, there are opposing sides and allies which all have a fair reason to stand for that position. The Great Britain people stood for being the bigger competitor that controlled everything, the colonies being part of that. The colonists wanted to get away from Great Britain and start their new lives under a non- monarchy government. Even when battling against a much stronger opponent, the colonists were able to break free from Great Britains grasp and become one of the leading countries of the world.

Oedipus The King Nature Essays - Oedipus The King, Oedipus

Oedipus The King Nature The Blind nature of Oedipus One of the main themes in Oedipus the King is blindness. Not just physical blindness, but intellectual blindness as well. This issue is an effective contrasting method for Oedipus at different points in the play. By saying "blindness", however, is a little misleading. It can be broken down into two sections: Oedipus's ability to "see", and his willingness to "see". The word "see" can be used in both contexts. Throughout the play, these two details are always at the center of the play. In the beginning of the play, Oedipus has perfect sight or vision. However, he is blind and ignorant to the truth about himself and his past, which relates to the idea of "truth v.s. appearance". He desperately wants to know, and to understand, but he cannot. At this point, it is obvious what Oedipus's action must be to overcome the blindness. Ironically, into the play is introduced a prophet, Teiresias, who is physically blind, but who has great mental power. This justifies Oedipus as a man ignorant to the true appearance of things - this blind man can "see" the truth about Oedipus, yet Oedipus, in all of his physical perfection, cannot. Brocco 2 Oedipus does have tragic flaws, which are standard in the Greek tragedies. Oedipus has a tragic flaw, which brings him to his end. Although it cannot be summed up into one word, there is evidence that his flaw may be ignorance or blindness to his own fate. This is true because we see Oedipus trying to avoid his fate, which was that he would kill his father and sleep with his mother, but he ran away from his homeland. Only if he had stayed then he may have been able to try to take his fate into his own hands, but instead he fulfilled the prophecy. Oedipus had changed dramatically throughout the end of the play. After realizing his flaw of fleeing his fate and actually killing his father, he was desperate to find the truth. In his case though, he wanted to see the truth and he finally got that chance. After marrying his mother and becoming aware of all that had happened he went into despair. After knowing that he couldn't see the truth and wasn't aware to understand what happened, he made himself blind. He didn't want to see the truth and he wanted to run away after all that has happened in his life. Tiresias told Oedipus his fate and predicted his physical blindness would soon come forth, "You are a poor wretch to taunt me with the very insults which everyone soon will heap upon yourself" (lines 408 - 410). He said this because of Oedipus' attitude towards it. This was when he didn't want to believe a blind man, a man that couldn't see what he could see and he thought Tiresias wouldn't be able to understand everything that was going on. Unfortunately for Oedipus he was completely wrong. This is where the roles are reversed and he becomes the blind man who has seen more than he wanted to. Brocco 3 It is evident that he is more reluctant to accept his fate than in the beginning of the play. This goes along with the fact that him blinding himself is dramatically appropriate. This was due to the fact that he didn't want to know the truth anymore and wanted to get away in a sense. Oedipus the King was Sophocles' attempt to show the Greek God's that they could not avoid the dealings of the gods, or they may be forced to have a plot against the people he should love the most. Jocasta, his mother/wife, was in this way, a victim. Even though she brought it upon herself, by not telling Oedipus that she knew of his fate, it was at this moment when she became aware of her punishment. In desperation at this point, she kills herself. Oedipus the King is a true tragedy in the sense that fate and Oedipus' own tragic flaw combined through the play to bring about his downfall. What makes it much more tragic though is that the events were, for the most part, out of Oedipus' control. When Oedipus speaks to Jocasta, it is very clear that she knows about his fate and what just might happen if he finds out. He basically says to her, How can you say that, when the clues to my birth are in my hands? The only

Comparative Analysis of the Literary Work, Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov and the Artistic Works of Balthasar Klossowski de Rola, Better Known as Balthus Essays

Comparative Analysis of the Literary Work, Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov and the Artistic Works of Balthasar Klossowski de Rola, Better Known as Balthus Essays Comparative Analysis of the Literary Work, Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov and the Artistic Works of Balthasar Klossowski de Rola, Better Known as Balthus Paper Comparative Analysis of the Literary Work, Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov and the Artistic Works of Balthasar Klossowski de Rola, Better Known as Balthus Paper Essay Topic: Lolita Comparative Analysis of the Literary work, Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov and the Artistic Works of Balthasar Klossowski de Rola, Better Known as Balthus Lolita is written as a memoir in the first person by its main character, Humbert Humbert. This is a story that could be viewed in two very different ways, two very different perspectives. One could look at it as a story of a middle age pedophile as evidenced by the quote â€Å"Humbert Humbert is without question an honest-to-God, open-and-shut sexual deviant, displaying classic ruthlessness, guile and above all attention to detail. And the other, of a middle aged man in anguish over his love for a prepubescent girl, a forbidden love. â€Å"Lolita, light of my life, fire of my loins. My sin, my soul. Lo-lee-ta: the tip of the tongue taking a trip of three steps down the palate to tap, at three, on the teeth. Lo. Lee. Ta. She was Lo, plain Lo, in the morning, standing four feet ten in one sock. She was Lola in sl acks. She was Dolly at school. She was Dolores on the dotted line. But in my arms she was always Lolita. â€Å" I chose to view this work as the later. To me it showed a middle aged man trapped in a moral dilemma. A statement from the first page of the book best says how I feel about the story. â€Å"Lolita is not about sex, but about love. Almost every page sets forth some explicit, erotic emotion or some erotic action and still it is not about sex. It is love†. Nabokov started writing Lolita in 1949 and finished in 1954. When he finished his work he had a hard time getting it published. Publishers were nervous about printing a book supposedly narrated by a pedophile. Four American publishers turned him down before he was finally able to get it published by Olympia Press of Paris and in 1958 in America. Controversy over the book only increased its readership and sales rose. To understand this controversy you need to understand the story and further understand why I considered it to be more of a tragic love interest rather than the perceived pornographic pedophile story thought of by others. The story starts out with a boyhood Humbert having his first taste of a love affair with the love of his young life, Annabel. They laugh, sneak around and display affection like young lovers do, but after three months Annabel dies of typhus and leaves a broken hearted Humbert. Though Humbert experiences relationships throughout his adult life he always feels hollow, like something is missing. Though he grows in age he still yearns for his young love. Humbert takes to fantasizing about young girls and goes as far as sitting in parks just to view the girls to get a glance of a â€Å"nymphet†. Humbert didn’t just want any young girl; she had to have certain traits that made her a â€Å"nymphet†, his â€Å"nymphet†. His criterion was a girl between nine and fourteen but as he states in his memoirs â€Å"Between those ages, are all girls nymphets? Of course not. Otherwise we, who are in the know, we lone voyagers, we nympholepts, would long have gone insane. Neither are good looks any criterion. A true nymphet is strikingly inferior to that of provisionally plain, just nice or â€Å"cute† or even â€Å"sweet â€Å"or attractive little girl. You have to be an artist, and a madman, a creature of infinite melancholy, with a bubble of hot poison in your loins in order to discern at once, by ineffable signs the little deadly demon that I deem a nymphet. † Humbert marries and tries to suppress his desire; he becomes bored with his married life and in the same time frame discovers his wife is having an affair. This leads him to divorce her and leave Paris and move to America. Once there, while looking for a place to stay he visits a home with a room to rent, the Haze home. While looking over the house Humbert is not impressed and is looking for a way to leave but during his tour of the house spots Dolores Haze, Lo, Lola, Lolita, the 12 year old daughter of the home owner, Charlotte Haze, Big Haze. He is struck; she is the nymphet that he has been searching for. Humbert agrees to rent the room, to be near his nymphet. Humbert proceeds to try to win Lo’s affection while Lo’s mother wishes to win Humberts’ affection. He ends up marrying â€Å"Big Haze†, Lo’s mother to get near her. Big Haze dies in a tragic accident soon after their wedding. This sets the stage for Humberts seduction of Lo. He ends up with his nymphet, losing her to a rival, killing the rival and dieing in jail. Ironically Lo dies soon afterward giving birth to a child. As you can see, this is more of a story of intense love rather than that of a pedophile. The situation Nobokov faced after writing Lolita is very much similar to that faced by the polish painter Balthasar Klossowski de Rola, better known as Balthus. Balthus had a difficult time getting his paintings displayed in his early days. His paintings were viewed as pornographic, almost taboo. They often depicted pubescent young girls in erotic and voyeuristic poses. He was best known for his disturbing and erotic works of girls on the verge of womanhood. One of the most notorious works from his first exhibition in Paris was The Guitar Lesson (1934), which caused controversy due to its depiction of a sexually explicit lesbian scene featuring a young girl and her teacher. As you can imagine the Guitar Lesson caused quite a controversy when it was first released. Balthus painted many pictures of young girls, most in provocative poses and situations. Balthus’ obsession with young girls parallels that of the early Humbert Humberts with the exception that he seemed to desire multiple girls and Humbert only wanted his nymphet, his Lolita. Other Balthus works that seem to parallel the plot of Lolita and the exploitation of young girls are The Golden Days, which seems to show a topless young girl sitting in a chair while her older lover seems to be building a fire in the fire place in preparation of a romantic night. One could almost envision this scene coming right out of the book. The other painting that puts you in mind of book and its controversial content is pictured here. I couldn’t locate the name but you can clearly see the relationship of this Balthus painting to the character Quilty, Humberts rival for Lo’s affection. This looks as though it were taken right out of the text, displaying Quilty and the semi nude Lo. Other samples of Balthus’ works are shown on the following page. Notice the young girls in various stages of undress, a reoccurring theme. The tie between the book and especially Humbert and the works of Balthus are very strong and if the book were in need of illustration, I’m sure Balthus would have did an excellent job as its illustrator and would have thoroughly enjoyed the job. So you would ask yourself, â€Å"Is Balthus the outstanding preserver of tradition or a mediocre painter who is only remarkable for sexual perversion and snobbery? Do his typical paintings of little girls testify to desires beyond the area of taboo or are they untouchable archetypes of purity? Balthus, who had staged his life, partly constructed his vita and surrounded himself with an aura of mystery, leaves art lovers and historians with a lot of riddles to solve. †

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Essay - 1

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness - Essay Example Because of the enhanced level of connectivity brought forward by the evolution of the internet, the world has transformed into a single connected entity. This technology powered transformation has automatically helped in the process of speedy diffusion of various trends of globalization, which continues to arise from various corners of the world. The trends of globalization bring into effect a significant amount of change in regards to consumer behavior of the masses of various locations. It is highly interesting to cite that the changing consumer behavior of the various markets around the world automatically creates the need for various new kinds of products and services, which in turn paves the way for evolution of significant business opportunities. Hence, it can be said that the factor of technology has largely integrated itself with the factor of globalization for the purpose of development of strong business opportunities in various global markets. It is to be noted that the or ganization that has been chosen in this case is Apple Inc., which is a highly popular global brand in the electronics gadget segment. The organization has a highly diversified global product portfolio which manufactures portable music players, computers as well as latest technology mobile phones. Talking from the perspective of globalization, it can be said that the organization has achieved a tremendous amount of growth through successful capitalization of the business prospects. Because of the impact of globalization the awareness for the products of the company has been widely spread across various global markets. This increased awareness of the products got transformed into a huge demand in the multiple markets around the world. Also the diversified product range which includes iPods, iPads and iPhones has proved to be successful in drawing the attention of the young generation. This ultimately resulted in the high sales of the products of the Apple in the domestic as well as th e international markets. While weighing the aspect of technological change, it has to be considered that the faster evolution and high penetration of the internet has brought a positive impact for the products of the organization. While the products of the company are high on innovation as well as new edge technology, yet a large amount of the product features are tremendously dependent on the connectivity provided by the internet. Also, it has to be highlighted that the advancement in technology by the rival product manufacturing companies has also contributed in developing products with new features and up graded versions by the globally popular company (US Sec, 2012, p. 6). 2. Application of  the industrial-organization model and the resource-based model. The industrial organization model takes into account the variables of complexity and strategic importance. Matching the two variables in a two by two matrix, four kinds of scenarios can be chalked out. Under high complexity an d low strategic importance, the outsourcing option seems most viable. Under situations of high complexity and high strategic importance, the option of business process reengineering looks more valid. Under circumstances of low complexity and varying level of strategic importa

Annotated Bibliography for Organizational Analysis Essay

Annotated Bibliography for Organizational Analysis - Essay Example The Political Frame recognizes the power play within and between institutions. The Symbolic Frame believes that schools produce symbols to create commitment and meaning. This article is important, because it describes different forms of leadership. However, it does not consider that some school leaders may be integrating these different frameworks. This source is important to my field of study, because it will help me analyze and prescribe the best frameworks for different goals and conditions in the Training and Doctrine Command. Managementhelp.org. (no date). What is an open system? Retrieved from http://managementhelp.org/misc/orgs-open-systems.pdf This article describes the main elements and concepts of an open system. An open system is a system that interacts with its external environment through feedback processes. Some of the important components of an open system are inputs, processes, outputs, goals, assessment, and learning. This article is a good source of the basics of an open system, but further research on its real-life applications is needed to understand its strengths and limitations further. This source is important to my field of study, because I want to know how the Training and Doctrine Command works as an open system and what can be done to exploit the advantages of this system. I also want to learn the issues with an open system, especially in how the external environment affects the internal system. Nadler, D.A., & Nadler, M.B. (2000). The Congruence framework - a roadmap for understanding organizational performance. Mercer Management Journal, (13), 4-10. Retrieved from http://www.oliverwyman.com/deu-insights/MMJ13-OrganizationalTrans.pdf Nadler and Nadler (2000) argued that the congruence framework analyzes the roots of organizational performance. They described that it is not a prescriptive model, but an analytical framework that helps leaders understand the interaction between social and technical factors that affect the performance of each organization, so that people can design and execute their own solutions to their organization’s distinctive performance problems. The strengths of the article are its explanation of the components of the congruence model and its application of the model on the Harley-Davidson’s case. Its weakness is that it was not tested empirically using other companies and industries. This source is important to my field of study, because it will help me analyze the best way to implement large-scales changes to the Training and Doctrine Command. McLeod, S. (2007, June 25). Bolman & Deal frameworks. Big think.com. Retrieved from http://bigthink.com/ideas/bolman-deal-frameworks McLeod explains the Bolman & Deal frameworks. These frames are different on their main beliefs about schools as organizations, and the means in achieving their goals. The strength of this article is that it underlines that it is possible to use all frames in understanding and resolving school problems and in implementing organizational changes. It is not an academic source, however, and it will help to do more research on these frameworks and how they are actually used or changed during design and implementation changes. This source is important to my field of study, because I am interested in knowing different ways of analyzing issues in the Training and Doctrine Command and in determining the best leadership approaches. Bolman & Deal fr